The term generally refers to activities that either enhance learning opportunities within formal education systems or broaden learning opportunities beyond formal education systems. While there is no agreed-upon, comprehensive definition of open learning, central focus is commonly placed on the "needs of the learner as perceived by the learner"

Forms of open learning are: online learning, Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs), Open
Educational Resources (OER), work-based learning, self-directed learning, individual
learning pathways, continuing professional development